Computer Science Notes for Class 11 (ASSEB / AHSEC)
Chapter 1 - Computer Fundamentals
Contents
- What is a computer?
- Data
- Information
- Instruction
- IPO cycle
- Basic structure of a computer
- parts of a computer
- input device
- Output device
- CPU
- control unit
- ALU
- memory unit
- Hardware
- Booting
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that is capable of performing a variety of operations according to a set of instructions called program.
What is data?
Definition:Data is a collection of raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful information.
In simple words, data is the input given to a computer for processing.
It may be in the form of numbers, text, symbols, images or sound.
Data can be defined as facts related to people, places, events and things that can be represented using alphabets and numbers.
Data is the raw material for producing information.
Examples of data
· Student marks: 85, 72, 90
· Names: Rahul, Priya, ankit
· Dates: 15-06-2026
· Temperature readings : 32Oc, 35oC
These facts by themselves may not convey a complete meaning until they are processed.
EXAMINATION ANSWER
Data: data refers to raw facts and figures that are collected and stored for processing. After processing , data becomes meaningful information
What is information?
Information is processed data that is meaningful and useful to the user.
When raw data is processed, organized and interpreted, it becomes information.
Example:
Data : 85, 78, 92, 88, 90
Information: Total marks=433, percentage=86.6%
What are instructions?
Instructions are commands given to a computer to perform a specific task.
A computer follows a sequence of instructions to process data and produce results.
Examples of instructions:
- Add two numbers
- Calculate the average of marks
- Print a report card
- Save a file
Information:
Information is processed data that is meaningful and useful for decision-making.
Instructions:
Instructions are commands given to a computer to perform specific operations on data and produce the desired result.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DATA, INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
A computer requires:
- Data ( raw facts and figures)
- Instructions ( commands on what to do with the data)
After processing the data according to the instructions, the computer produces information.
Example:
Data : Marks = 80, 90, 85
Instruction : calculate the average
Information : Average marks = 85
What is IPO cycle?
IPO stands for Input, process ,output. The process of converting data into information is called IPO cycle.